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Back: Introduction Next: Graphs and #24 Themis: a brief explanation Using NASA's JPL Solar System Dynamics site Conclusion |
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10/6/1908 Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, resulting in great political distress over much of Europe, building momentum that will lead to World War I. |
7/28/1914 – 8/12/1914 Major European powers declare war. |
4/6/1917 U.S. declares war on Germany. 10/15/1919 Germany, Britain, and Italy ratify the Treaty of Versailles, as did France on October 13. The seeds of WWII are irrevocably planted. |
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5/17/1939 A British White Paper issued by London in effect repudiates the Balfour Declaration of 1917, envisioning the establishment of an independent nation that will be predominantly Arab with Jewish immigration restricted. |
5/22/1939 Germany and Italy conclude a political and military alliance establishing the full development of the Rome-Berlin Axis. |
9/1-3/1939* Germany invades Poland. Britain and France declare war on Germany. 11/30/1939 Soviet troops invade Finland. |
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12/7/1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, the Philippines, Guam, Midway Island, Hong Kong, And Malaya. 12/8/1941 Pres. Roosevelt signs a declaration of war on Japan. Japan declares war on Britain and the U.S. 12/11/1941 Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S. U.S. Congress declares war on Germany and Italy. 6/4-7/1942 A Japanese naval force begins an attack at Midway Island. By June 7, the Japanese force will withdraw after suffering heavy losses. |
3/22/1945 The League of Arab States is organized, uniting Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. By 1974 the League will grow to include 20 Arab states. 3/26/1945 The battle of Iwo Jima ends as the island is declared secure following the defeat of the last Japanese banzai attack. - 6/25/1950 North Korean forces invade the Republic of South Korea. - 7/20/1953 The Geneva Conference agrees to an armistice in Indochina that divides Vietnam just north of Huê into northern and southern halves at the 17th parallel. |
7/26/1953 Fidel Castro leads an attack by 170 Cuban rebels on the Moncada garrison in Santiago, Cuba. Castro will be captured, tried, and sentenced to fifteen years in prison, yet he will be given amnesty in 1955 and exiled in Mexico. 7/27/1953 An armistice signed yesterday at Panmunjom takes effect, halting the 3-year conflict in Korea. 7/27/1953 The sixteen nations that fought in Korea under the UN sign a declaration that will not be made public until August 7, promising to resume fighting in the event of any new aggression there. - 10/22/1958 China announces the completion of its withdrawal from Korea. |
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8/10/1964 President Johnson signs the Tonkin Gulf Resolution allowing him "all necessary measures" to repel attack and prevent aggression in Southeast Asia. 8/17/1964 Greece withdraws its military units from NATO. - 4/21/1967 Greece has a right-wing coup and begins a 7-year military dictatorship. |
11/9/1969 "Indians of All Tribes" occupy Alcatraz Island. - 2/27/1973 The American Indian Movement (AIM) begins an occupation at the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee massacre. 2/27/1973 Opening arguments begin in the trial of the Camden 28. |
5/9/1978 Former Italian premier Aldo Moro is found murdered in a parked car in Rome. The Red Brigades had previously announced that they had held a "people's trial" and had found Moro guilty. Moro had been kidnapped March 15 and five of his bodyguards were killed. |
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5/20/1989 China declares martial law in response to a pro-democracy demonstration in Beijing's Tiananmen Square that has grown over the past few days to nearly one million. - 10/23/1989 Hungary proclaims itself a democratic republic and plans multiparty elections. 10/28/1989 Czech authorities crush a demonstration and arrest leading dissidents, including playwright and Charter 77 founder Vaclav Havel. 11/5/1989 Lebanon's Christian Maronite René Moawad is elected president at a special session of Parliament, but he will be assassinated with 23 others in a Beirut bombing November 22. 11/7/1989 The first elected black governor since Reconstruction wins office in Virginia and New York City elects its first black mayor. 11/9/1989 East German authorities permit citizens to exit without visas, joyful East Germans by the millions seize the opportunity to visit the West, and demolition begins of the Berlin Wall erected in 1961. 11/9/1989 China's Deng Xiaoping resigns his last political post and pledges not to meddle in politics. He has been succeeded as chairman of the party's military commission in June by Jiang Zemin. 11/10/1989 Bulgaria's president and party leader Todor I. Zhivkov, resigns after 35 years in power. 11/11/1989 El Salvador's Farabundo Martin National Liberation Front is unsuccessful in a "final offensive" and fails to kill President Alfredo Cristiani or Vice President Francisco Merino. 11/16/1989 El Salvador's government forces murder six Jesuit priests, escalating demands that the U.S. Congress halt the $1 million per day support for the Christiani regime. 11/17/1989 Prague police respond with violence as students demonstrate again for democratic changes in Czechoslovakia. Students respond with more demonstrations that spread to other cities, demanding the resignation of Communist Party General Secretary Milors Jakes. 11/22/1989 Lebanon's recently elected Christian Maronite President René Moawad is assassinated with 23 others in a Beirut bombing. Moawad is replaced by Catholic Maronite Elias Hrawi, but Christian army commander Gen. Michel Aoun considers himself the legitimate president and begins an 11-month rebellion. |
11/24/1989 Czech Communist Party General Secretary Milors Jakes is replaced in response to escalating demonstrations throughout Czechoslovakia, but Czechs continue to demand more rights and greater democracy. Alexander Dubcek, now nearly 68, speaks out for the first time since the suppression of the "Prague Spring" in 1968. 12/1/1989 West Germany's Red Army Faction kills Deutsche Bank chief executive Alfred Herrhausen at Bad Homburg. 12/7/1989 Lithuania changes its constitution, ending the guarantee of Communist party domination. 12/10/1989 Czechoslovakia's "velvet revolution" begins as President Gustav Husak resigns and the Communist party accepts a minority position in the new cabinet formed. 12/10/1989 A Bulgarian pro-democracy rally at Sofia brings out 50,000 people demanding that the constitution be changed to eliminate Communist monopoly on power. 12/14/1989 Chile's 16-year Pinochet regime nears its end as voters elect coalition candidate Patricio Aylwin president in a return to democratic tradition. General Pinochet remains military chief of staff. 12/15/1989 Manuel Antonio Noriega's Panamanian National Assembly declares war on the U.S. 12/15/1989 Billionaire drug trafficker José Gonazalo Rodriguez Gacha is shot by Colombian police along with his son of 17 and 15 bodyguards. 12/16/1989 Romania's Securitate shoots down protestors by the thousands beginning tonight, following demonstrations which have begun against President Nicolae Ceausescu. 12/17/1989 Brazil holds her first democratic elections in 29 years, electing the obscure state governor Fernando Collor de Mello. 12/19/1989 The Czech parliament votes to begin the establishment of Western-style democracy. 12/20/1989 U.S. troops invade Panama, offering $1 million reward for information leading to Noriega's arrest. Up to 4,000 Panamanian civilians will be killed (the U.S. will claim only 202). |
12/22/1989 Berlin's Brandenburg Gate is opened and the city reunites. 12/22/1989 Romania's president Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena are captured by Romania's military and will be executed by a firing squad December 25 after a military court has convicted them of "genocide" and plundering more than $1 billion from the state. 12/24/1989 Panama's Manuel Antonio Noriega turns himself in to Vatican authorities in Panama City in an attempt to avoid capture by U.S. forces. He receives political asylum for 10 days before surrendering to U.S. authorities for trial at Miami on drug charges. 12/25/1989 Romania's president Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena are executed by a firing squad after a military court has convicted them of "genocide" and plundering more than $1 billion from the state. - 3/20/1995 Sarin nerve-gas kills 12 Tokyo subway patrons and injures 5,500 others. No group claims responsibility for the rush-hour attack. - 5/24/2000 Israel suddenly completes a withdrawal from Lebanon after occupying the southern region for 22 years. 5/30/2000 Britain returns home rule to the Northern Ireland Assembly. Agreeing to “completely and verifiably put IRA arms beyond use,” the IRA agrees to allow periodic inspections of its arms dumps by neutral third parties. 9/28/2000 Israel's Ariel Sharon leads a group of Israeli legislators to the bitterly contested Temple Mount. Stone-throwing erupts, leaving several Palestinians and more than two dozen policemen injured. Within a few days, the violence escalates to the point where a NY Times reporter notes that it "looked more like war than rioting." 10/12/2000 U.S. destroyer U.S.S. Cole is attacked by an explosives laden raft, killing seventeen U.S. sailors, and injuring dozens more. |
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12/9/2002 UN Resolution 1441 expired yesterday. President Bush has received prior congressional authority to attack Iraq at any time now, if he believes that Iraq is in violation of any conditions mandated by 1441 or any prior UN resolution. 3/20/2003 U.S. begins war against Iraq |
S: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
#24 Themis
Date__(UT)__HR:MN ObsEcLng
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2002-Dec-09 00:00 179.0680259
2002-Dec-10 00:00 179.3544052
2002-Dec-11 00:00 179.6374875
2002-Dec-12 00:00 179.9172252
2002-Dec-13 00:00 180.1935708
2002-Dec-14 00:00 180.4664762
2002-Dec-15 00:00 180.7358922
2002-Dec-16 00:00 181.0017680
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Notes: *9/1/1939 Exact dates for first and last graph intersection at this period are 5/20/1939 and 12/15/1939. The midpoint of these dates = 9/1/1939. As the graph represents a modulus of a process, the 'folding' of the grid (dates) can be represented as a modulus in time. |
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Next: Graphs and #24 Themis: a brief explanation Back: Introduction Using NASA's JPL Solar System Dynamics site Conclusion |